
{"id":62,"date":"2017-05-31T15:12:46","date_gmt":"2017-05-31T13:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/?page_id=62"},"modified":"2019-05-30T11:50:04","modified_gmt":"2019-05-30T09:50:04","slug":"publications-internationales","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/index.php\/publications-internationales\/","title":{"rendered":"Publications Internationales"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Principales publications r\u00e9centes des diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9quipes :<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-230 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/publications_main-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/publications_main-300x168.jpg 300w, http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/publications_main.jpg 684w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Equipe 1 :<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">-SI AHMED ZENNIA S., MATI A., CHARRON C., CAKIR-KIEFER C., KRIZNIK A., GIRARDET J.M. (2019). E\ufb00ect of nonenzymatic deamidation on the structure stability of Camelus dromedarius \u03b1-lactalbumin. Food Chemistry, 291, 207-213.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S030881461930682X?via%3Dihub)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">-ADDAR L., BENSOUICI C., SI AHMED ZENNIA S., BOUDJENAH HAROUN S and MATI A., (2019). Antioxidant, tyrosinase and urease inhibitory activities of camel \u03b1S-casein and its hydrolysate fractions. Small Ruminant Research, 173, 30\u201335 ;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0921448818309829?via%3Dihub)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; ALMI-SEBBANE D., ISABELLE A., DEGREAVE P., JARDIN J., BETTLER E., TERREUX R., OULAHAL N. and MATI A. (2018). Casesidin-like anti-bacterial peptides in peptic hydrolysate of camel milk \u03b2-casein, International Dairy Journal, 86 (11), 49-56 ;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0958694618301626)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; YABRIR B., ZOBIRI A., LAOUN A., TITOUCHE Y., CHENOUF N.S., RANEBI D., ISSELNANE S. and MATI A. (2018). Bacteriological behavior of ewe\u2019s raw milk collected in Algerian area steppe and refrigerated at 4\u00b0C or 7\u00b0C. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 30(2);<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(http:\/\/www.lrrd.org\/lrrd30\/2\/byab30023.htm).<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; MATI A., SENOUSSI \u2013GHOZALI C., SI AHMED-ZENNIA S., ALMI-SEBANE D., EL HATMI H. and GIRARDET J-M. (2017). Dromedary camel milk proteins, a source of peptides having biological activities-A review. International Dairy Journal, 73, 25-37 ;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0958694616303557)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; KAOUCHE-ADJLANE S. et MATI A. (2017). Effets des pratiques d\u2019\u00e9levage sur la variation de la qualit\u00e9<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">hygi\u00e9nique et nutritionnelle du lait cru dans la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9dio-septentrionale d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Revue de M\u00e9decine. V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, 168 (7-9), 151-163 ;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(http:\/\/www.revmedvet.com\/2017\/RMV168_151_163.pdf)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; YABRIR B., CHENOUF A., CHENOUF N. S., BOUZIDI A., GAUCHERON F. and MATI A. (2016). Heavy metals in small ruminant\u2019s milk from Algerian area steppe. International Food Research Journal, 23(3), 1012-1016 ;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(http:\/\/www.ifrj.upm.edu.my\/23%20(03)%202016\/(15).pdf)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; ISSELNANE S., BOUDJENAH-HAROUN S., NOUANI A., SI AHMED-ZENNIA S., BOUAZZA B., YABRIR B. and MATI A. (2016). Molecular characterization of crude enzymatic extract from Algerian camel abomasum (Camelus dromedarius), Emirat Journal of Food and Agriculture, 28(3), 217-223 ;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(http:\/\/www.ejfa.me\/?mno=195531)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; YABRIR B., LABIAD M., MOSTEFAOUI A., HAKEM A.,TITOUCHE Y., GAUCHERON F. et MATI A. (2016). Profils en acides gras libres, cholest\u00e9rol et indices lipidiques du lait cru ovin issu de deux races alg\u00e9riennes (Ouled-Djellal et Rumbi) collect\u00e9 en milieu steppique..Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et Environnement, 20(1), 17-24 ;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(http:\/\/popups.ulg.ac.be\/1780-4507\/index.php?id=12564)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; SI AHMED ZENNIA S., MATI A., SAULNIER F., VERDIER Y., CHIAPPETTA G., MULLIERT G., MICLOL. and GIRARDET J-M. (2015). Identification by FT-ICR-MS of Camelus dromedarius \uf061-lactalbumin variants as the result of nonenzymatic deamidation of Asn-16 and Asn-45. Food Chemistry, 187, 305\u2013313 ;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0308814615005828)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">-SI AHMED ZENNIA S., ALMI D., SENOUSSI C., BOUDJENAH HAROUN S. and MATI A. (2013). Separation and characterization of major milk proteins from Algerian Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius). Emirat Journal of Food and Agriculture, 25 (4), 283-290<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(http:\/\/www.ejmanager.com\/fulltextpdf.php?mno=185796)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; BOUDJENAH-HAROUN S., LALEYE C.L., SENOUSSI C., MOULTI-MATI F., SI AHMED S. and MATI A. (2012). Coagulation of Camel Milk using Dromadary Gastric Enzymes as a Substitute of the Commercial Rennet. American Journal of Food Technology,7 (7), 409-419 ;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(http:\/\/scialert.net\/fulltext\/?doi=ajft.2012.409.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Equipe 2 :<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; SENANI-OULARBI N., RIBA A. and MOULTI-MATI F. (2018). Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 production by olive mill wastewater. Bioscience Research, 15(1): 369-380. www.isisn.org<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; BEDOUHENE S., MOULTI-MATI F., HURTADO-NEDELEC M., DANG P.M. and EL-BENNA J. (2017). Luminol-amplified chemiluminescence detects mainly superoxide anion produced by human neutrophils. American Journal of Blood Research, 25 ;7(4), 41-48.www.AJBlood.us<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; BEDOUHENE S., MOULTI-MATI F., DANG P.M. and EL BENNA J. (2017). Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol inhibit the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced neutrophil degranulation and chemotaxis via AKT, p38, and ERK1\/2 MAP-Kinase inhibition. Inflammopharmacology, 25(6), 673\u2013680.www.springer.com<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; CHEHRIT-HACID F., DERRIDJ A., MOULTI-MATI F. and MATI A. (2015). Drought Stress Effect on some Biochemical and Physiological Parameters; Accumulation of total Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Leaves of two Provenance Seedling PistaciaLentiscus. International Journal of Research in Applied Natural and Social Sciences, 3 (9), 127-138. www.ajol.info<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; NADOUR M., LAROCHE C., PIERRE G., DELATTRE C., MOULTI-MATI F. and MICHAUD P. (2015). Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnologies, 177, 431-445. www.springer.com<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; BEDOUHENE S., HURTADO-NEDELEC M., SENNANI N., MARIE J-C., EL-BENNA J. and MOULTI-MATI F. (2014). Polyph\u00e9nols Extracted from Olive Mill Wastewater Exert a Strong Antioxidant Effet in Human Neutrophils. International Journal of Waste Ressources. www.ijwr.co<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; DERMECHE S., NADOUR M., LARROCHE C., MOULTI-MATI, F. and MICHAUD P. (2013). Olive mille wastes: biochemical characterizations and valorization strategies. Process Biochemistry, 48, 1532-1552. www.journals.elsevier.com<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; PIERRE G., SALAH R., GARDARIN C., TRAIKIA M., PETIT E., DELORT A-M., MAMERI N., MOULTI-MATI F. and MICHAUDP. (2013). Enzymatic degradation and bioactivity evaluation of C-6 oxidized chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 60: 383-392.www.journals.elsevier.com<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; SALAH R., MICHAUD P., MATI F., HARRAT Z., LOUNICI H., GRIB H., ABDI N. and MAMERI N. (2013). Anticancer activity of chemically prepared shrimp low molecular weight chitin evaluation with the human monocyte leukaemia cell line, THP-1\u201d.International journal of Biological Macromolecules 52, 333-339.www.journals.elsevier.com<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; NADOUR M., MOULTI-MATI F., MICHAUD P., LAROCHE C. (2012). Composition, structure, and valorisation of fibres from olive fruit and by products. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech, 23, 6.www.teknoscienze.com<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; NADOUR M., MICHAUD P., MOULTI-MATI F. (2012). Antioxidant activities of polyphenols extracted from olive (Oleaeuropaea) of chamlalvariety.). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 167 (6); 1802-1810.www.springer.com<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; SENANI NASSIMA et MOULTI-MATI. (2012). Etude du pouvoir antifongique des extraits ph \u00e9noliques issus des margines de la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 chamlal (ol\u00e9aeuropea) sur des souches Aspergillus flavus et Aspergillus parasiticus. Tunisian Journal of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, 8 (1) :www.tjmpnp.com<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; DERMECHE SAMIA et MOULTI-MATI FARIDA. (2012). Biod\u00e9gradation de Compos\u00e9s ph\u00e9noliques. Tunisian Journal of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products 8 (2) : www.tjmpnp.com<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Equipe 3 :<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Nadjet G. Mestar, Malika N. Boudiaf, Souad Lahcene, Hocine Abbaci, Ghenima I. Aiche, Boussad Metna, Noria S. Saadoun, Faiza Taibi, Karim Houali. Bio-insecticidal e\ufb00ects of Oleasterleaves aqueous extracts against Psylla larvae (Euphyllura olivina), a primary pest of Olea europaea L. Cellular and Molecular Biology 2018 | Volume 64 | Issue 15<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Achour Chergui, Mouloud Kecha, Abderrahmane Tighrine, Nabil Adrar, Samira Bouzida, Yacine Titouche, Lhadi Boughani, Nabil Kadri, Karim Houali. Characterization and optimization of extracellular L-Asparaginase production by selected Actinomycete strain isolated from an algerian wheat bran. Cellular and Molecular Biology 2018 | Volume 64 | Issue 14<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Ouzid Yasmina, Smail-SAADOUN Noria et Houali Karim. Endophytic fungi and foliar epiphytes of Peganum harmala l. (Zygophyllaceae) of dayate aiat (laghouat, algeria). Algerian journal of arid environment 115 vol. 8, n\u00b01, Juin 2018: 115-128.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Souad Lahcene, Faiza Taibi, Nadjet Mestar, Samira Ali Ahmed, Mahieddine Boumendjel, Saida Ouaf, Karim Houali. Insecticidal e\ufb00ects of the Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei extracts on the \ufb02our Pyralid Ephestia kuehniella. Cellular and Molecular Biology 2018 | Volume 64 | Issue 11<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Saliha Oussaid, Khodir Madani, Karim Houali, Manuel Rendueles, Mario Diaz. Optimized microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Scirpus holoschoenus and its antipseudomonal efficacy, alone or in combination with Thymus fontanesii essential oil and lactic acid. Food and Bioproducts Processing 1 1 0 (2 0 1 8) 85\u201395<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Sakina Khallef, Roxane Lestini, Hannu Myllykallio, Karim Houali. Isolation and identifcation of two extremely halophilic archaea from sebkhas in the<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Algerian Sahara. Cellular and Molecular Biology 2018 | Volume 64 | Issue 4<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; Y. Ouzid, N. Smail-Saadoun et K. Houali. Comparative study of in vitro antioxidant activity of foliar endophytic fungi and leaves extracts of Peganum harmala of dayate aiat (Laghouat, Algeria). Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences. 2018, 10(1), 147-157<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Equipe 4 :<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">KADI S.A., OUENDI M., BANNELIER C., BERCHICHE M., GIDENNE T. 2018. Nutritive value of sun-dried common reed (Phragmites australis) leaves, and it\u2019s effect on performance and carcass characteristics of the growing rabbit. World Rabbit Sci., 26:113-121.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">HAROUZ-CHERIFI Z., KADI S.A., MOUHOUS A., BANNELIER C., BERCHICHE M., GIDENNE T. 2018. Effect of simplified feeding based only on wheat bran and brewer\u2019s grain on rabbit performance and economic efficiency. World Rabbit Sci., 26: 27-34.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">HAROUZ-CHERIFI Z., KADI S.A., MOUHOUS A., BERCHICHE M., BANNELIER C., GIDENNE T. 2018. Incorporation de 40% de dr\u00eache de brasserie dans l\u2019aliment de lapins en engraissement : performances de croissance, d\u2019abattage et efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 30, Article #110<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">MOUHOUS A., KADI S. A., BELAID L., DJELLAL F. 2017. Compl\u00e9mentation de l\u2019aliment commercial par du fourrage vert de Sulla (Hedysarum flexuosum) pour r\u00e9duire les charges alimentaires d\u2019\u00e9levages de lapins en engraissement. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 29, Article #115.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">KADI S. A., MOUHOUS A., DJELLAL F., SENHADJI Y., TIGUEMIT N., GIDENNE T. 2017. Feuilles s\u00e8ches de Figuier et foin de Sulla (Hedysarum flexuosum) en alimentation du lapin en engraissement. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 29, Article #086.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">HANNACHI-RABIA R., KADI S. A., BANNELIER C., BERCHICHE M., GIDENNE T. 2017. La graine de f\u00e8ve s\u00e8che (Vicia faba major L) en alimentation cunicole : effets sur les performances de croissance et d\u2019abattage. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 29, Article #050.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">KADI S.A., MOUHOUS A., DJELLAL F., GIDENNE T. 2017. Replacement of barley grains and dehydrated alfalfa by Sulla hay (Hedysarum flexuosum) and common reed leaves (Phragmites australis) in fattening rabbits diet. J. Fundam. Appl. Sci., 9(1), 13-22.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">ZIRMI-ZEMBRI N., KADI S. A. 2016. Valeur nutritive des principales ressources fourrag\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es en Alg\u00e9rie. 1- Les fourrages naturels herbac\u00e9s. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 28, Article #145.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">KADI S. A., ZIRMI-ZEMBRI N. 2016. Valeur nutritive des principales ressources fourrag\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es en Alg\u00e9rie. 2- Les arbres et arbustes fourragers. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 28, Article #146.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">MOUHOUS A., KADI S. A., BRABEZ F. 2015. Analyse pr\u00e9liminaire des pratiques de production des \u00e9levages ovins en zone de montagne de Tizi-Ouzou (Alg\u00e9rie) : cas de l\u2019alimentation. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 27, Article #132.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">MAZOUZI-HADID F., ABDELLI-LARBI O., LEBAS F., BERCHICHE M., BOLET G. 2014. Influence of coat colour, season and physiological status on reproduction of rabbit does in an Algerian local population. Animal reproduction science, 150,1-2, 30-34.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">LOUNAOUCI-OUYED G., BERCHICHE M., GIDENNE T. 2014. Effects of substitution of soybean meal-alfalfa-maize by a combination of field bean or pea with hard wheat bran on digestion and growth performance in rabbits in Algeria. World Rabbit Sci., 22, 2,137-146.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">ABDELLI-LARBI O., MAZOUZI-HADID F., BERCHICHE M., BOLET G., GARREAU H., LEBAS F. 2014. Pre-weaning growth performance of kits of a local Algerian rabbit population: influence of dam coat color, parity and kindling season. World Rabbit Sci., 22, 3, 231-240.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">CHERFAOUI D., THEAU-CLEMENT M., ZERROUKI N., BERCHICHE M. 2013. Reproductive performance of male rabbits of Algerian local population. World Rabbit Sci. 2013, 21:91-99<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">KADI S.A., GUERMAH H., BANNELIER C., BERCHICHE M., GIDENNE T. 2011. Nutritive value of sun-dried Sulla (Hedysarum flexuosum), and its effect on performance and carcass characteristics of the growing rabbit. World Rabbit Sci., 19:151-159.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">LAKABI D., LOUNAOUCI G., BERCHICHE M., LEBAS F. LAMOTHE L.2008. The effects of the complete replacement of barley and soybean meal with hard wheat by- products on diet digestibility, growth and slaughter traits of local Algerian rabbit population .World Rabbit Sci., 2008, 16: 99-106.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-230 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/publications_main-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/publications_main-300x168.jpg 300w, http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/publications_main.jpg 684w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Principales publications r\u00e9centes des diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9quipes : Equipe 1 : -SI AHMED ZENNIA S., MATI A., CHARRON C., CAKIR-KIEFER C., KRIZNIK A., GIRARDET J.M. (2019). E\ufb00ect of nonenzymatic deamidation on the structure stability of&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/62"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/62\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":258,"href":"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/62\/revisions\/258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/labs.ummto.dz\/labab\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}